The C4 vertebra is located in the neck region of the spinal column, just above the thoracic vertebrae. The L5-S1 disc at the bottom of the spine lies between the L5 vertebra and the first bony segment at the top of the sacrum, which is sacral segment 1 (or S1). Among all the vertebrae, the L5 lumbar vertebra is the largest. The condition is sometimes known as roundback or — in the case of a severe curve — as hunchback. Each thoracic spinal nerve is named for the vertebra above it. The lumbosacral joint is the site of most movements of the lumbar spine. The twelve thoracic vertebrae are strong bones that are located in the middle of the vertebral column, sandwhiched between the cervical ones above and the lumbar vertebrae below. The coccyx can be a source of pain in many people. Yeah, that appears to be a whale vertebra. These structures enclose the vertebral foramen, which contains the spinal cord. The bones are stacked on top of each other and securely attached with a disc in between each one. There are two facet joints in each spinal motion segment. Advertisement. A typical vertebra consists of a ventral. Symptoms. the frontal bone b. In rare cases when 3 months of treatments have not reduced the pain, or if a spinal instability threatens the spinal cord or a nerve root, surgery may be indicated. Cartilage has good regenerative capacity, while most epithelial tissues do not. Most of the time, non-surgical treatment can relieve the pain in your back and increase your physical functioning. Damage to the lumbar spinal cord subsequently affects the. The two transverse processes of each vertebra function as the site of attachment for muscles. It is also called as an extra vertebra, additional lumbar vertebra or transitional vertebra. abduction. The pelvic limb typically contains 19 bones, while the thoracic limb contains 20 bones. It is commonly damaged from trauma due to falls and can. Exhale and perform the chin tuck while keeping your shoulder blades moving toward each other. 'Vertebrae' is the plural form of the word. These discs allow the spine to move freely and act as shock. The T12 vertebra is the twelfth thoracic vertebra in the spine of the human body. The atlas (C1 vertebra) differs from the other cervical vertebrae in that it does not have a body, but instead consists of bony ring formed by the anterior and posterior arches. The atlas is located at the top of the neck, just inferior to the condyles of the occipital bone of the. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like The joint between adjacent. A typical vertebra will consist of a body, a vertebral arch, and seven processes (Figure 7. The atlas articulates with the dens from the axis. Bed rest may be needed for a mild fracture. Each vertebra (pl. The lumbar vertebrae are, in human anatomy, the five vertebrae between the rib cage and the pelvis. Frisco, Texas 75033 469-604-9140 Directions Parking Info. Like the C1 vertebra, a C2 vertebra has a greater degree of motion than other vertebrae that are lower on the spinal column. 1 Waldman SD. Vertebrate - Wikipedia. It protects vital organs, provides framework, and supports soft parts of the body. The segment of the spine most susceptible to injury is the cervical spine based on its anatomy and flexibility. Anatomy and Function of the Spine. Most spinal cord injuries are the result of a sudden, traumatic blow to the vertebrae. The irregularly shaped bones form the roughly S-shape of the spinal cord. In severe cases, surgery may be. As you age, the disks can dry out and flatten. The vertebral column is divided into five regions – cervical (7), thoracic (12), lumbar (5), sacral (1. Vértebras Sacras. In the majority of cases, kyphosis causes few problems. Buy, sell and discover authenticated pieces from top brands, spanning designer, vintage, streetwear and more. Congenital vertebral anomalies include alterations of the shape and number. It is part of the spinal column, which supports the top of the human…. The cement hardens within minutes, strengthening and stabilizing the fractured vertebra. A typical thoracic vertebra is distinguished by its long, downward projecting spinous process. 7. L2 is the lowest vertebral segment that contains spinal cord. Parts of the lumbar spine. The spine or the vertebral column bones is divided into five parts. The C2 vertebra has an upward-facing long bony process called the dens. The spinal nerves innervate the skin and the muscles of a specific region. Synonyms: none. However, you should practice self-care and physical therapy to strengthen your neck muscles and speed up recovery time. The surgeon inserts a needle into the disk. When the bones in your spine (vertebrae) collapse, you have a compression fracture of the back. The spinal cord, like the brain, has two major layers of protection. humans and other great apes) since Nacholapithecus (a Miocene hominoid ), [1] [2] the coccyx is the remnant of a. mandible bone. Cervical spine injuries, although uncommon, can result in significant and long-term disability. Exercises can strengthen the core muscles that support your spine and prevent back injuries and pain. Spinal fusion is a surgical procedure that links bones in the spinal column together to treat back problems such as herniated disks, fractures, or scoliosis. Synonyms: Chest wall. The body is the anterior portion of each vertebra and is the part that supports the body weight. The vertebral column is composed of 33 bones in total: 7 cervical (neck), 12 thoracic (chest), 5 lumbar (lower back), 5 sacral, and 4 coccygeal (fused into the coccyx ). The lumbar spine connects with the thoracic spine above at the thoracolumbar junction and the sacral spine below at the lumbosacral joint. 10. Klippel–Feil syndrome (KFS), also known as cervical vertebral fusion syndrome, is a rare congenital condition characterized by the abnormal fusion of any two of the seven bones in the neck (cervical vertebrae). The spinal cord runs through the center of the vertebral column and terminates in the conus medullaris at the level. The region between the spinous process and the transverse process is called the lamina. If your spine isn’t aligned properly, you may be at increased risk of: chronic pain. Innovative, Cost-Saving Solutions Beyond the PBM Model. The specific anatomy of intervertebral discs is covered in the. D) irregular bone. See examples of VERTEBRA used in a sentence. The spine (vertebral column) of a typical adult is composed of 32 vertebrae divided into five sections. The bones in the skull are crushed against each other, resulting in crush fractures. See examples of VERTEBRA used in a sentence. It consists of 5 bones, from the top down, L1, L2, L3, L4 and L5. In this paper, we introduce a large-scale spine CT dataset, called CTSpine1K, curated from multiple sources for vertebra segmentation, which contains 1,005 CT volumes with over 11,100 labeled vertebrae belonging to different spinal conditions. L5: This is the last vertebra of the lumbar spine and. The vertebral bodies act as a support column to. Invertebrates have no backbone, while vertebrates have a well-developed internal skeleton of cartilage and bone and a highly developed brain that is enclosed by a skull. Orthopedics Osteoporosis Back and Spine Surgery. [2] According to one study, they have been identified in about 11% of patients at general autopsy. The human spine is a complex anatomic structure that is the scaffolding for the entire body. Citation, DOI, disclosures and article data. This robust bone can endure a lot of pressure and motion. Transverse process fracture. This condition occurs in the womb. Hold for a few seconds and release. A typical vertebra also contains four articular processes, two superior and two inferior, which contact the inferior and superior articular processes of adjacent vertebrae, respectively. They either have a soft. The neck is part of a long flexible column, known as the spinal column or backbone, which extends through most of the body. Your spine is made up of bones called vertebrae that are stacked on top of each other. The irregularly shaped bones form the roughly S-shape of. Transverse process Lamina Vertebral foramen Body, Name the vertebral projection found in a median plane. It is located in close proximity to the thyroid cartilage. Blood supply to the head. The body is the anterior portion of each vertebra and is the part that supports the body weight. When a bone bursts through the skin and the underlying bone, a burst fracture. Using x-ray guidance, a small needle containing specially formulated acrylic bone cement is injected into the collapsed vertebra. The human backbone is a column of 33. Compression fractures of the spine usually occur at the bottom part of the thoracic spine (T11 and T12) and the first vertebra of the lumbar spine (L1). The vertebra prominens is the last bone in the cervical spinal column group. Cervical spinal cord injury. Therefore, there are 12 pairs of thoracic spinal nerves, 5 pairs of lumbar spinal nerves, 5 pairs of sacral spinal nerves,. [2][3] Each inter-vertebral segment has also been shown to. The first 2, C1 and C2, are highly specialized and are given unique names: atlas and axis, respectively. It is the most delicate of all the 7 cervical vertebrae and lacks a vertebral body and spinous process. First, the vertebral body is absent, allowing the ring-shaped C1 to accommodate the spinal cord as it exits the foramen magnum. Before this procedure was available, the affected disk was removed and the vertebrae above and below were fused together to prevent motion. 閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄. These lumbar vertebrae (or lumbar bones) contain spinal cord tissue and nerves which control communication between the brain and the legs. Spinal fusion, also called spondylodesis or spondylosyndesis, is a neurosurgical or orthopedic surgical technique that joins two or more vertebrae. This type of fracture is typically caused by a fall or a direct blow to the spine, and can lead to severe pain and disability. The body of a vertebra is the large cylindrical mass of bone that serves as the primary weight-bearing structure throughout the vertebral column. The area Andrews has injured, the thoracic spine, forms a semi-rigid cage due to its attachment to the ribs. While classified as peripheral nerves, the motor cell body resides in the anterior horn of the spinal cord. Anterior components of the typical cervical vertebra 1: body. KFS most commonly affects your C2 and C3 vertebrae. There are also tendons that fasten muscles to the vertebrae. A cylinder of bone known as the vertebral body makes up the majority of the lumbar vertebrae’s mass and bears most of the body’s weight. Your thoracic spine is the middle section of your spine. When viewed from the side, the shape looks more triangular. AP : anteroposterior LSTV : lumbosacral transitional vertebra. As noted, the Sooke is Latest Oligocene-Earliest Miocene and known for early mysticetes (back when they had teeth). vertebra. These include two superior articular processes, two inferior articular processes, two transverse processes, and a spinous process. drawing the lip downward. tenderness. Conversely, the joint between the C1 and C2 vertebrae allows the head to turn left and right. Unlike the other cervical vertebrae, the C7 has a large spinous process that protrudes posteriorly toward the skin at the back of the neck. Burst Fracture occur when the vertebrae are crushed by forces such as a car accident. It articulates with the dens of the axis and the occiput, respectively allowing rotation of the head, and flexion, extension and lateral flexion of the head. It starts at the base of your neck and ends at the bottom of your ribs. Physical Causes. Its members include fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals. And because there is an additional bone fitted into the space of five vertebrae, the presence of an L6 can decrease the flexibility of the spine. T/F The frontal bone articulates with the parietal bone by means of the sagittal suture. The neck, also called the cervical spine, is a well-engineered structure of bones, nerves, muscles, ligaments, and tendons. The spine has 5 lumbar vertebrae(L1-L5) supporting the body weight. This type of fracture can occur in a head-on car collision when the upper body is thrown forward while the pelvis is stabilized by a lap seat belt. Spinal fusion is a surgical procedure used to correct problems with the small bones in the spine (vertebrae). : one of the bony or cartilaginous segments composing the spinal column, consisting in some lower vertebrates of several distinct elements which never become united, and in. This injury causes severe pain, spine instability, and sometimes nerve compression, making daily activities difficult. 4. Amphicoelias. Mayo Clinic does not endorse companies or products. Symptoms. It is almost impossible to id a vertebra by pictures. It is analogous to the joint in mammalian jaws. This joint allows the head to nod up and down. A dermatome is the area of sensory nerves near the skin that are supplied by a specific spinal nerve root. There are many types of fractures and dislocations that can happen. The C6 vertebra is also known as the sixth cervical vertebra. The seven bones stacked upon one another form a bony tunnel for your spinal cord to travel through. Like the other lumbar vertebrae, L5 has a large, roughly cylindrical region of bone known as the body that makes up most of its mass. The lumbar spine comprises the lower end of the spinal column between the last thoracic vertebra (T12) and the first sacral vertebra (S1). The thickness, compressibility and elasticity of the IV discs are features that primarily permit movements of the vertebral column. They often present in the vertebral body of the thoracic and lumbar spine with potential to extend into the posterior arch. The thoracic vertebrae are bones located between the cervical and lumbar vertebrae. Your thoracic spine consists of 12 vertebrae, labeled T1 through T12. When chronic pain from a spinal compression fracture persists despite rest, activity modification, back bracing, and pain medication, surgery is the next step. A coluna vertebral é dividida. They are relatively rare, typically benign (noncancerous) and represent a small percentage of spinal tumors. hand from the palm backward position to the palm forward postion. ; Osteoporotic spinal fractures are unique in that they may occur without apparent trauma. Vertebrae are the 33 individual, interlocking bones that form your spinal column. The L3-L4 spinal motion segment, positioned in the middle of the lumbar spine, plays an important role in supporting the weight of the torso and protecting the cauda equina (nerves that descend from the spinal cord). The lumbosacral joint is the joint that connects these bones. The spinal cord in this region has protection from five durable and mobile vertebrae (L1-L5) that allow for the dispersion of axial forces. A single bone in your spine is a vertebra — vertebrae is. Underneath the atlas lies the C2 vertebra (also known as the axis). A typical vertebra comprises a vertebral arch as well as a vertebral body. Along with the sternum and ribs, the thoracic spine forms part of the thoracic cage. The delicate structure of the cervical spine, which houses the spinal cord, is very strong and flexible. This surgery is designed to improve spinal stability and reduce pain in conditions that cause spinal malalignment or spinal degeneration. The lumbar region is situated between the thoracic, or chest, region of the spine, and the sacrum. Symptoms such as pain, numbness, or weakness in the arms, hands, legs, or feet can come on gradually or more suddenly, depending on the cause. 1. B) flat bone. A typical vertebra consists of a vertebral body and vertebral arch. The T4 vertebra has the smallest diameter moving caudally; the spinal canal diameter from T3-T11 remains relatively stable at 15 mm. Compression fractures of the spine generally occur from too much pressure on the vertebral body. As with other spinal vertebrae, the T8 primarily protects and encases the spinal cord. Collectively, the discs make up one third to one quarter of the total spinal column’s length, forming an interpose between adjacent vertebrae from the axis (C2) to the sacrum. Due to its unique role, C1 has features not shared with the rest of the spine. Blunt force or extreme pressure may cause the bone to fracture. This laser surgery uses radiofrequency energy to treat people with low back pain associated with a mildly herniated disk. Kyphosis is a spinal disorder in which an excessive curve of the spine results in an abnormal rounding of the upper back. This creates the lumbosacral angle between the lumbar region of the vertebrae and the sacrum. Read More. These vertebrae are larger because they carry more of your body's weight. Cervical fractures are most often caused by a forceful impact or traumatic blow to the head. They are the largest segments of the vertebral column and are characterized by the absence of the foramen transversarium. Our revolutionary healthcare model goes beyond traditional pharmacy benefit management to help build efficiencies,. The term 'vertebra' refers to one spinal bone. You should seek medical help if. Vertebra definition: . Disk herniation Similar to in the thoracic spine, disk herniation can also occur in the lumbar spine. 2. The C1 vertebra, aka the atlas, supports the skull at the atlanto-occipital joint (see Image. The technology you are looking for is now part of ARES, AR Enterprise Services by Snap. Spinal anatomy. The problem occurs when the weight of the body on one side of the vertebra causes the bone to shift out of its normal alignment. It consists of seven distinct vertebrae, two of which are given unique names: The first cervical vertebrae (C1) is known as the atlas. The C6 vertebra is structurally similar to most other cervical vertebrae, except C1 and C2. A T3 compression fracture is a type of vertebral fracture that occurs in the upper part of the spine, at the level of the third thoracic vertebra. In humans, they are a series of 33 bonesthat run from the base of the skull to the coccyx. Most spinal fractures are caused from injury or trauma from car accidents, falls, sports or some sort of high velocity impact. The sacrum is a single bone comprised of five separate vertebrae. e. The body is the anterior portion of each vertebra and is the part that supports the body weight. This diagnostic approach uses data derived from the second (C2), third (C3), and fourth (C4) cervical vertebrae, as visualized in a two-dimensional lateral. Posteriorly the body is connected to a thin ring of bone known as the arch. It can be divided into 5 regions, each characterized by different types of vertebrae: Cervical region (7 vertebrae) Thoracic region (12 vertebrae) Lumbar region (5 vertebrae)Position of human lumbar vertebrae (shown in red). It starts at the base of your neck and ends at the bottom of your ribs. and more. Spondylolysis (spon-dee-low-lye-sis) and spondylolisthesis (spon-dee-low-lis-thee-sis) are common causes of low back pain in children and adolescents. Spondylolisthesis is a slipping of vertebra that occurs, in most cases, at the base of the spine. The facet joints are situated between the pedicle and lamina of the same vertebra and form. The vertebral foramen provides for passage of the spinal cord. The physical examination should include a neurologic assessment. Adult Spondylolisthesis in the Low Back. Bird - Skeleton, Flight, Feathers: The avian skeletal system is notable for its strength and lightness. 5 male-to-female ratio. The Castellvi classification is used for lumbosacral transitional vertebra (LSTV): type I: enlarged and dysplastic transverse process (at least 19 mm) Ia: unilateral Ib: bilateral type II: pseudoarticulation of the tran. The lumbar vertebrae are bones that make up the spinal column or backbone, specifically within the lower back. Movements. They have large, kidney-shaped vertebral bodies, triangular vertebral foramen, and short spinous processes. Since it is not a vertebrae, C8 is also labeled as the cervical spinal nerve 8. The sacrum ( pl. Victoria BC V8Z 0B9 • tel 250 940 4444 • fax 250 385 9600Buy BLABOK Neck Brace for Sleeping - Cervical Collar Relief Neck Pain and Neck Support Soft Foam Wraps Keep Vertebrae Stable for Relief of Cervical Spine. Watch Lumbar Laminectomy Surgery Video. The vertebra is literally pulled apart (distraction). ] Any of the 33 bony segments of the spinal column: 7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, and 4 coccygeal vertebrae. See The C1-C2 Vertebrae and Spinal Segment. These attachments mean this region of the spine is much stiffer and less flexible than. A multilevel spinal fusion surgery involves fusing 2 or more motion segments of the spine to become one single unit. intertubercular lamella of the transverse process. It is essentially a welding process. Vertebroplasty is a procedure in which a special cement is injected into a fractured vertebra — with the goal of relieving your spinal pain and restoring your mobility. Neck pain and fatigue also are common. The bulging disk then presses on the nerves near the disk. The skeleton provides the framework for muscles and gives the body its defined human shape. It becomes larger from the cervical vertebra (C2) to the lumbar vertebra (L5). The spinal cord itself is about 45 cm (18 in) in men and 43 cm (17 in) long in women. It is shaped like an upside-down triangle and sits at the bottom of the spinal column, connecting it to the pelvis. It then extends caudally to the. Your spine is an important bone structure that supports your body and helps you walk, twist and move. The following three vertebrae, C4, C5, and C6 have speech functions as they pass sound through the larynx and vocal cords which allow sound production. The point at which superior and articular facets meet is known as a facet, or zygapophyseal, joint. The major groups include fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals. The lumbar region of the spine, more commonly known as the lower back, consists of five vertebrae labeled L1 through L5. It results from lesions that lead to compression of the spinal cord and damage to spinal cord tracts. the parietal bones. The lumbar spine is the third region of the vertebral column, located in the lower back between the thoracic and sacral vertebral segments. The sternum consists of the manubrium, body, and xiphoid process. A typical vertebra will consist of a body, a vertebral arch, and seven processes (Figure 7. 2. The vertebral arch has 3 bony protrusions: a prominent spinous process in the middle and two transverse processes on either side. Fluoroscopic (x-ray) guidance with radiopaque contrast dye is usually used for. These nerves are integral to the PNS because they control motor, sensory, and autonomic functions between the spinal cord and the body. The spinal column consists of cervical, thoracic, and lumbar vertebrae. If. In this article, we shall look at. It is slightly larger than the T1 vertebra, but smaller than the T3 vertebra. The arch extends a spinous process (projection) downward and backward that may be felt as a series of bumps down the back, and two transverse processes, one to…. Vertebra L5 is the most common site of spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis. Specifically, sacrococcygeal dysgenesis (defective development) is a dominant trait, while thoracic hemivertebra (chest half-vertebra) of German shorthaired pointers is a recessive trait. To the human eye, this is the curve just above the buttocks, which is also commonly referred to as the small of the. L3 spinal nerves affect sensation at the front portion of the lower thighs and knees, as well as the ability to straighten the knees (knee extension) and rotate the hip outward (external rotation). Red A: the joint between the mandible and quadrate. lateral pterygoid. e. B) flat bone. Features like septae, a number of general characteristics, foramina, and pores. vertebrae [L. This usually results from a combination of bending forward. L5 and S1 are joined by the lumbosacral facet joints lined with articular cartilage. The discs throughout the spine have three primary functions: They act as a shock absorbers in the spine, positioned between each bony vertebra. 23). Spondylolisthesis is a condition involving instability, which means the vertebrae move more than they should. Though these approaches may temporarily relieve the symptoms, cysts may reform or refill, resulting in further discomfort. While in the medial aspect, the odontoid process of axis or dens articulates with an anterior arch of the axis as the median atlantoaxial joint. The thoracic region of your spinal cord is divided into 12 segments that innervate the muscles in your trunk. The vertebral column supports the body’s physical structure and nervous system, enabling movement and sensation. When the broken vertebra puts pressure on the spinal cord and nearby nerves, or if the vertebra dislocates, it is an emergency medical situation. The spinal nerves are the body’s major nerves within the peripheral nervous system (PNS). Vertebral column anatomy 101. In lumbar artificial disk replacement, worn or damaged disk material between the small bones in the spine (vertebrae) is removed and replaced with a prosthetic, or artificial disk. e. L5. The sacral region (sacrum) is at the bottom of the spine and lies between the fifth segment of the lumbar spine (L5) and the coccyx (tailbone). Each intervertebral joint is a complex of three separate joints; an intervertebral disc joint (intervertebral symphysis) and two zygapophyseal (facet) joints. (September 2019) The vertebral column, also known as the backbone or spine, is the core part of the axial skeleton in vertebrate animals. Under stress, a disk's inner material may swell, pushing through its tough outer membrane. Compression fractures occur when a spinal vertebra caves in due to extreme pressure on it. There are about 23 discs in the spine; 6 cervical, 12 thoracic, and 5 in the lumbar region. This rib articulates again with the costal facet on the transverse process (costotransverse joint). The skeleton is what supports and anchors the soft tissue of our body, such as muscles and skin. The vertebral column is the defining characteristic of vertebrate endoskeleton in which the notochord (a flexible collagen-wrapped glycoprotein rod) found in all chordates has been replaced by a segmented series of mineralized irregular bones (or sometimes, cartilages) called. Vertebral column, in vertebrate animals, the flexible column extending from neck to tail, made of bones called vertebrae. It's located between the neck (cervical spine) and lower back (lumbar spine). The atlantoaxial jointThe zygapophyseal joints, also called facet joints, are joints of the vertebral column that are classified as joints of the vertebral arches. They act as supporting structures that hold the vertebrae of the spine together. The L2 vertebra is the second uppermost of the five (5) lumbar vertebrae toward the lower end of the spinal column, within the lower back. vertebra (ver'te-bra) plural. Road traffic accidents have been mostly. The Top 5 Facts About Non-Rib Bearing Lumbar Vertebral Bodies. Structural support for the body, allowing us to stand upright. Butterfly vertebra in two patients: Coronal reformatted image from a non-contrast CT of the spine (a) and coronal T1-weighted MR image of the upper thoracic spine (b) both demonstrate separate ossification centres on each side of the vertebral body (marked by asterisks). Compression fractures are typically diagnosed by lateral radiography of the vertebral column, with or without anteroposterior views. SUMMARY: LSTVs are common within the spine, and their association with low back pain has been debated in the literature for nearly a century. Because of the compression of the. A vertebra consists of a cylindrical body in front and a bony ring in the back. If back pain is made worse when you move, that’s also a sign that a vertebra may have been broken. 1007/s11548-017-1575-8. Invertebrates don't have a backbone. epicranius. The superior demifacet of a thoracic vertebra articulates with the corresponding rib (costovertebral joint). Conservative treatment may include rest, anti-inflammatory medications, painkillers, steroid injections and drainage. The intervertebral disc is the thick fluid-filled ring of fibrocartilage that serves as a shock absorber throughout the vertebral column. Products and services. bones of the the pelvic girdle d. The C5 vertebra is significant for determining the severity of neck and spinal injury. If your muscles get fatigued, they can lose some of their ability to keep your spine in alignment. Nucleoplasty, also called plasma disk decompression. The vertebrate has a distinct head, with a differentiated brain and three pairs of sense organs (nasal, optic, and otic [hearing]). The most common type of fracture is a wedge fracture. A vertebra slips out of place onto the vertebra below. Its most characteristic feature is the prominent superior projection known as the dens axis, or odontoid process. , The sella turcica is a part of the _____ bone and houses the _____ gland. They occur in about 10% of the world's population, and most people have no symptoms. Scalp. The vertebral body is typically the most weight-bearing component of the bone and is located anteriorly. The proportions of the vertebrae differ according to their spinal segment and the particular species. A vertebroplasty, which involves taking the majority of the pressure off the fractured vertebral body, allows the vertebrae to heal. Fortegra Europe Insurance Company Limited (FEIC Ltd. C3-C7 are more classic vertebrae, having a body, pedicles, laminae, spinous processes, and facet joints. Anatomy, location and general features of the thoracic spine. A nerve cord is enclosed by vertebrae — individual bones that make up a vertebrate's spine.